Apache
Apache is the web server that is typically utilized by cPanel. On cPanel servers Apache does write to a rather high number of logs as each site has its own traffic log.
/usr/local/apache/logs/access_log
The access_log is used to log all http requests to ether the hostname of the server, requests directed at the servers IPs, or sites that resolve to the server but are no longer hosted on it.
/usr/local/apache/logs/error_log
On cPanel servers all Apache errors, regardless of site, are logged in the error_log.
/usr/local/apache/domlogs
Within the domlogs folder each site on the server will have its own log file. These files will be the fully qualified domain name for the domain, ie domain.com, liquidweb.com. All http traffic to a site will be logged in this log file.
Exim
Exim is the MTA(Mail Transfer Agent) that cPanel utilizes. Exim has three primary logs, but only two of these logs contain useful information
/var/log/exim_mainlog
The exim_mainlog contains ALL interactions that exim handles, so both incoming and outgoing mail transactions.
/var/log/exim_rejectlog
The exim_rejectlog contains all connection attempts that were denied. This information is also logged in theexim_mainlog.
For more information on Exim’s logs try a Google search for “Exim Cheat Sheet”.
cPanel
Cpanel does log all http traffic to WHM, webmail, and cPanel access. All cPanel logs are located in the/usr/local/cpanel/logs directory.
/usr/local/cpanel/logs/access_log
This access_log contains all traffic to WHM, cPanel, and webmail over http.
/usr/local/cpanel/logs/error_log
This error_log contains all errors that occur when accessing a cPanel related site over http or https.
FTP
Regardless of FTP deamon in use, cPanel does log connections, uploads, and downloads. However, FTP does not have its own log file it is instead threaded into the systemside messages log file.
/var/log/messages
All FTP transactions are recorded in messages. They are however interwoven with all over system messages that are logged in this file.
